Chrysanthemums: Mums
They call them Gentlemens
The Four Gentlemen consist of the plum (梅), orchid (蘭), bamboo (竹), and chrysanthemum (菊). These plants represent humility, purity, righteousness, and perseverance, qualities that align with the concept of junzi —a term coined by Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, to describe an exemplary or virtuous person.
Mums belong to the daisy family, so some varieties resemble the typical daisy flower. They symbolize the virtue of withstanding adversity, thriving in challenging conditions, and remaining resilient—a reflection of their ability to bloom in autumn when other flowers fade.
They are associated with the Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos), a celebration held from October 31 to November 2 in Mexico, where people honour and remember their deceased loved ones. Since chrysanthemums naturally bloom during this season, they have become a traditional decoration for altars and graves.
These flowers are also deeply rooted in the cultures of China and Japan. You can see them on ornaments and paintings. For Eg, they are printed on the imperial seal of japan. Many poems and even movies have been inspired by these flowers.
They often symbolize longevity and devoted love. People place them on graves of loved one to say: “My love for you won’t die. I wish you happiness wherever you are.”
